1920 Hualien earthquake
Earthquake affecting Taiwan
23°41′17″N 121°57′14″E / 23.688°N 121.954°E / 23.688; 121.954On June 5, 1920, a shallow magnitude 8.2 earthquake struck offshore Hualien County, Empire of Japan (now Taiwan). It is currently the largest earthquake in Taiwan's modern history.
Tectonic summary
Taiwan is located within a complex zone of convergence between the Philippine and Eurasian Plates. Off the island's east coast, these plates converge at a rate of 75 mm per year. To the south of Taiwan, oceanic crust of the Eurasian Plate is subducting beneath the Philippine Plate, creating an island arc, the Luzon Arc. At Taiwan the oceanic crust has all been subducted and the arc is colliding with continental crust of the Eurasian Plate. To the north of Taiwan the Philippine Sea Plate is in contrast subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate, forming the Ryukyu Arc.[2]
Earthquake
The earthquake had a moment-magnitude of 8.2 according to the International Seismological Centre. Lower-end estimates of the moment magnitude yielded a value of Mw 7.7 ± 0.2, which would still make it the largest in Taiwan. The USGS ShakeMap shows all areas of Taiwan felt shaking of between V and VII on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. The shaking was also felt in southeast China, the island of Luzon in the Philippines, and southwest Japan.[3]
The source fault responsible for the earthquake has not been conclusively identified, although the epicenter location suggest it was associated with the southern portion of the Ryukyu subduction zone. Based on analyzing stations in Taiwan that recorded the earthquake, the hypocenter was determined to be within the accretionary wedge at 20–35 km (12–22 mi) focal depth. The likely source is a rupture propagating down-dip and laterally along a splay fault associated with the subduction zone.[4]
Impact
Eight deaths and 24 injuries were reported.[5] 1,530 houses were affected in the cities of Taipei, Taitung, Hsinchu and Taoyuan,[5] of which 273 were destroyed, and 277 others were severely damaged.[1]
See also
- List of earthquakes in Taiwan
- List of earthquakes in 1920
- 2018 Hualien earthquake
- 2019 Hualien earthquake
References
- ^ a b "Event: Taiwan". ngdc.noaa.gov.
- ^ Molli G.; Malavieille J. (2010). "Orogenic processes and the Corsica/Apennines geodynamic evolution: insights from Taiwan". International Journal of Earth Sciences. 100 (5): 1207–1224. doi:10.1007/s00531-010-0598-y. S2CID 129517282.
- ^ "M 8.2 - 47 km SE of Hualien City, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ Theunissen, Thomas; Font, Yvonne; Lallemand, Serge; Liang, Wen-Tzong (2010). "The largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in Taiwan: revised location and magnitude, and tectonic significance of the 1920 event". Geophysical Journal International. 183 (3): 1119–1133. Bibcode:2010GeoJI.183.1119T. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04813.x.
- ^ a b Stelios Minas (4 June 2020). "The 1920 Hualien Earthquake and Earthquake Risk in Taiwan". air-worldwide.com.
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Earthquakes in the 1920s
- Veracruz (6.4, Jan 3) †
- Gori (6.2, Feb 20) †
- Garfagnana (6.5, Sep 7) †
- Haiyuan (7.8, Dec 16) †‡
- Mendoza (6.0, Dec 17)
- Massawa (6.1, August 14)† ‡
- Sevier Valley (6.3/5.7/6.3, Sep 29/Oct 1)
- 1st Kamchatka (8.4, February 3)
- Renda (7.0, March 24)†
- 2nd Kamchatka (8.2, April 13)†
- Great Kantō (8.1, September 1)† ‡
- Charlevoix–Kamouraska (6.2, Feb 28)
- Dali (7.0, Mar 16) †‡
- Montana (6.9, June 27)
- Santa Barbara (6.8, June 29)
- Chirpan–Plovdiv (7.1/7.1, Apr 14/Apr 18) †
- Chachapoyas (7.2, May 14)
- Talca (7.6, Dec 1) †‡
- Cumaná (6.9, Jan 17) †
- Arthur's Pass (7.1, Mar 9)
- Kopet Dag (7.2, May 1) †‡
- Suşehri (6.3, May 18) †
- Murchison (7.8, June 17)
- Grand Banks (7.2, Nov 18)
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
