1923 in the United States

← 1922 1921 1920 1923 in the United States → 1924 1925 1926
Decades:	1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s
See also:	History of the United States (1918–1945) Timeline of United States history (1900–1929) List of years in the United States

1923 in the United States
1923 in U.S. states and territories
States
Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Territories
American Samoa Guam Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands
Washington, D.C.
List of years in the United States by state or territory
v t e

Events from the year 1923 in the United States.

Incumbents

Federal government

• President:

Warren G. Harding (R-Ohio) (until August 2)

Calvin Coolidge (R-Massachusetts) (starting August 2)

• Vice President:

Calvin Coolidge (R-Massachusetts) (until August 2)

vacant (starting August 2)

• Chief Justice: William Howard Taft (Ohio)
• Speaker of the House of Representatives: Frederick H. Gillett (R-Massachusetts)
• Senate Majority Leader: Henry Cabot Lodge (R-Massachusetts)
• Congress: 67th (until March 4), 68th (starting March 4)

Governors and lieutenant governors

Governors Governor of Alabama: Thomas Kilby (Democratic) (until January 15), William W. Brandon (Democratic) (starting January 15) Governor of Arizona: Thomas Edward Campbell (Republican) (until January 1), George W. P. Hunt (Democratic) (starting January 1) Governor of Arkansas: Thomas Chipman McRae (Democratic) Governor of California: William Stephens (Republican) (until January 9), Friend Richardson (Republican) (starting January 9) Governor of Colorado: Oliver Henry Shoup (Republican) (until January 9), William Ellery Sweet (Democratic) (starting January 9) Governor of Connecticut: Everett J. Lake (Republican) (until January 3), Charles A. Templeton (Republican) (starting January 3) Governor of Delaware: William D. Denney (Republican) Governor of Florida: Cary A. Hardee (Democratic) Governor of Georgia: Thomas W. Hardwick (Democratic) (until June 30), Clifford Walker (Democratic) (starting June 30) Governor of Idaho: D. W. Davis (Republican) (until January 1), Charles C. Moore (Republican) (starting January 1) Governor of Illinois: Len Small (Republican) Governor of Indiana: Warren T. McCray (Republican) Governor of Iowa: Nathan E. Kendall (Republican) Governor of Kansas: Henry J. Allen (Republican) (until January 8), Jonathan M. Davis (Democratic) (starting January 8) Governor of Kentucky: Edwin P. Morrow (Republican) (until December 11), William J. Fields (Democratic) (starting December 11) Governor of Louisiana: John M. Parker (Democratic) Governor of Maine: Percival Proctor Baxter (Republican) Governor of Maryland: Albert C. Ritchie (Democratic) Governor of Massachusetts: Channing H. Cox (Republican) Governor of Michigan: Alex Groesbeck (Republican) Governor of Minnesota: J. A. O. Preus (Republican) Governor of Mississippi: Lee M. Russell (Democratic) Governor of Missouri: Arthur M. Hyde (Republican) Governor of Montana: Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) Governor of Nebraska: Samuel R. McKelvie (Republican) (until January 3), Charles W. Bryan (Democratic) (starting January 3) Governor of Nevada: Emmet D. Boyle (Democratic) (until January 1), James G. Scrugham (Democratic) (starting January 1) Governor of New Hampshire: Albert O. Brown (Republican) (until January 4), Fred H. Brown (Democratic) (starting January 4) Governor of New Jersey: Edward I. Edwards (Democratic) (until January 15), George Sebastian Silzer (Democratic) (starting January 15) Governor of New Mexico: Merritt C. Mechem (Republican) (until January 1), James F. Hinkle (Democratic) (starting January 1) Governor of New York: Al Smith (Democratic) (starting January 1) Governor of North Carolina: Cameron Morrison (Democratic) Governor of North Dakota: Ragnvald A. Nestos (Republican) Governor of Ohio: Harry L. Davis (Republican) (until January 8), A. Victor Donahey (Democratic) (starting January 8) Governor of Oklahoma: until January 8: James B. A. Robertson (Democratic) January 8-November 19: Jack C. Walton (Democratic) starting November 19: Martin E. Trapp (Democratic) Governor of Oregon: Ben W. Olcott (Republican) (until January 8), Walter M. Pierce (Democratic) (starting January 8) Governor of Pennsylvania: William Cameron Sproul (Republican) (until January 16), Gifford Pinchot (Republican) (starting January 16) Governor of Rhode Island: Emery J. San Souci (Republican) (until January 2), William S. Flynn (Democratic) (starting January 2) Governor of South Carolina: Wilson Godfrey Harvey (Democratic) (until January 16), Thomas Gordon McLeod (Democratic) (starting January 16) Governor of South Dakota: William H. McMaster (Republican) Governor of Tennessee: Alfred A. Taylor (Republican) (until January 16), Austin Peay (Democratic) (starting January 16) Governor of Texas: Pat Morris Neff (Democratic) Governor of Utah: Charles R. Mabey (Republican) Governor of Vermont: James Hartness (Republican) (until January 4), Redfield Proctor, Jr. (Republican) (starting January 4) Governor of Virginia: Elbert Lee Trinkle (Democratic) Governor of Washington: Louis Folwell Hart (Republican) Governor of West Virginia: Ephraim F. Morgan (Republican) Governor of Wisconsin: John J. Blaine (Republican) Governor of Wyoming: Robert D. Carey (Republican) (until January 1), William B. Ross (Democratic) (starting January 1) Lieutenant governors Lieutenant Governor of Alabama: Nathan Lee Miller (Democratic) (until January 15), Charles S. McDowell (Democratic) (starting January 15) Lieutenant Governor of California: Clement Calhoun Young (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Colorado: Earl Cooley (Republican) (until January 9), Robert F. Rockwell (Republican) (starting January 9) Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut: Charles A. Templeton (Republican) (until January 3), Hiram Bingham (Republican) (starting January 3) Lieutenant Governor of Delaware: J. Danforth Bush (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Idaho: Charles C. Moore (Republican) (until January 1), H. C. Baldridge (Republican) (starting January 1) Lieutenant Governor of Illinois: Fred E. Sterling (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Indiana: Emmett Forrest Branch (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Iowa: John Hammill (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Kansas: Charles S. Huffman (Republican) (until January 9), Ben Sanford Paulen (Republican) (starting January 9) Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky: S. Thruston Ballard (Republican) (until December 11), Henry Denhardt (Democratic) (starting December 11) Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana: Hewitt Bouanchaud (Democratic) Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts: Alvan T. Fuller (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: Thomas Read (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota: Louis L. Collins (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi: Homer H. Casteel (Democratic) Lieutenant Governor of Missouri: Hiram Lloyd (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Montana: Nelson Story Jr. (political party unknown) Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska: Pelham A. Barrows (Republican) (until January 3), Fred G. Johnson (Republican) (starting January 3) Lieutenant Governor of Nevada: Maurice J. Sullivan (Democratic) Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico: William H. Duckworth (Republican) (until January 1), Jose A. Baca (Democratic) (starting January 1) Lieutenant Governor of New York: George R. Lunn (Democratic) (starting January 1) Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina: William B. Cooper (Democratic) Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota: Howard R. Wood (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Frank H. Hyland (Republican) (starting month and day unknown) Lieutenant Governor of Ohio: Clarence J. Brown Sr. (Republican) (until January 8), Earl D. Bloom (Democratic) (starting January 8) Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma: Martin E. Trapp (Democratic) (until November 19), vacant (starting November 19) Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania: Edward E. Beidleman (Republican) (until January 20), David J. Davis (Republican) (starting January 20) Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island: Harold Gross (Republican) (until month and day unknown), Felix A. Toupin (Republican) (starting month and day unknown) Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina: vacant (until January 16), E. B. Jackson (Democratic) (starting January 16) Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota: Carl Gunderson (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Tennessee: William West Bond (Democratic) (until month and day unknown), Eugene J. Bryan (Democratic) (starting month and day unknown) Lieutenant Governor of Texas: Lynch Davidson (Democratic) (until January 16), Thomas Whitfield Davidson (Democratic) (starting January 16) Lieutenant Governor of Vermont: Abram W. Foote (Republican) (until January 4), Franklin S. Billings (Republican) (starting January 4) Lieutenant Governor of Virginia: Junius Edgar West (Democratic) Lieutenant Governor of Washington: William J. Coyle (Republican) Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin: George F. Comings (Republican)

Events

January–March

• January 1–7 – The Rosewood massacre, a racially motivated massacre of black people and the destruction of a black town, takes place in Rosewood, Florida.
• January 18 – Elon College's campus in North Carolina is destroyed by a fire.
• February 5 – United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind: The Supreme Court decides that Bhagat Singh Thind cannot become a naturalized U.S. citizen because, as a Punjabi Sikh, he is not a "white person".
• February 23 – The American Law Institute is incorporated.
• March 1 – The USS Connecticut is decommissioned.
• March 2 – The first issue of Time magazine is published.
• March 23 – The governor of Oklahoma signs House Bill 197 with the Montgomery amendment outlawing the theory of evolution in public school textbooks purchased by the state, the first anti-Darwinian legislation passed in the U.S.^[1]

April–June

• April 1 – Safety Last!, a silent romantic comedy film starring Harold Lloyd, is released.
• April 4 – Warner Bros. Film Studio is formally incorporated in the United States, as Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc., by Jack L. Warner, Harry Warner, Sam Warner and Albert Warner.
• April 6 – Louis Armstrong makes his first recording, "Chimes Blues", with King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band.
• April 15 – Nihon Shōgakkō fire: 10 Japanese-American children are killed in a racially motivated arson attack on a Japanese Buddhist mission school in Sacramento, California, by an itinerant Mexican-American serial arsonist.^[2]
• April 18 – The first Yankee Stadium opens its doors in the Bronx, New York City.
• May 9 – Southeastern Michigan receives a record 6 inches (15 cm) of snow after temperatures plummeted from 62 °F (17 °C) to 34 °F (1 °C) degrees between 13:00-18:00 on the previous day.^[3]
• May 15 – Riegelmann Boardwalk at Coney Island officially opened.^[4]
• May 27 – The Ku Klux Klan defies a law requiring publication of its members.

July–September

• July 13 – The Hollywood Sign is inaugurated in California (originally reading Hollywoodland).
• August 2 – Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th president of the United States, upon the death of President Warren G. Harding.
• September 3 – Illustrated Daily News first published in Los Angeles by Cornelius Vanderbilt IV.
• September 4 – The United States Navy's first home-built rigid airship USS Shenandoah makes her first flight at Naval Air Station Lakehurst (New Jersey); she contains most of the world's extracted reserves of helium at this time (named and commissioned October 10).^[5]
• September 8 – Honda Point Disaster: Seven U.S. Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast.
• September 17 – 1923 Berkeley Fire: Berkeley, California erupts, consuming some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.
• September 18–26 – Newspaper printers strike in New York City.
• September 24 – Rowan University opens.
• September 29 – First American Track & Field championships for women, in New Jersey

October–December

• October 1 – Mississippi something Road Signs Act came into effect.
• October 15 – The New York Yankees defeat the New York Giants (baseball), 4 games to 2, to win their first World Series Title.
• October 16 – Roy and Walt Disney found The Walt Disney Company.
• October 19 – War Resisters League organized by Jessie Wallace Hughan.^[6]
• December 10 – Sigma Alpha Kappa (the first social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded at Loyola University New Orleans, making it the first social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the U.S.
• December 20 – BEGGARS Fraternity (the second social fraternity at a Jesuit college in the United States) is founded by nine men, who have secured permission to do so from the Pope.

Undated

• Soledad C. Chacón takes office as Secretary of State of New Mexico; all subsequent holders of this office through 2011 will also be women.
• The Moderation League of New York becomes part of the movement for the repeal of Prohibition in the U.S.
• Rainbow trout introduced into the upper Firehole River in Yellowstone National Park.

Ongoing

• Lochner era (c. 1897–c. 1937)
• U.S. occupation of Haiti (1915–1934)^[7]
• Prohibition (1920–1933)^[8]
• Roaring Twenties (1920–1929)

Births

• January 1 – Daniel Gorenstein, mathematician (died 1992)
• January 3 – Hank Stram, American football coach and broadcaster (died 2005)
• January 16 – Anthony Hecht, poet (died 2004)
• January 29
  • Jack Burke Jr., golfer and coach (died 2024)
  • Paddy Chayefsky, writer (died 1981)
• January 31 – Norman Mailer, writer (died 2007)
• February 2
  • James Dickey, poet and author (died 1997)
  • Liz Smith, gossip columnist (died 2017)
• February 13
  • James Abdnor, U.S. Senator from South Dakota from 1981 to 1987 (died 2012)
  • Chuck Yeager, pilot (died 2020)
• February 20 – Helen Murray Free, chemist and educator (died 2021)
• February 28
  • Jean Carson, actress (died 2005)
  • Charles Durning, actor (died 2012)
• March 2 – Bob Chinn, restaurateur (d. 2022)
• March 9
  • James L. Buckley, judge and U.S. Senator from New York from 1971 to 1977 (died 2023)
  • Wayne B. Warrington Sr., Arizona civil servant (died 1989)^[9]
• March 10 – Val Logsdon Fitch, nuclear physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (died 2015)
• March 12 – Mae Young, wrestler (died 2014)
• March 14 – Diane Arbus, photographer (died 1971)
• March 27 – Jack O'Neill, businessman (O'Neill surfwear & equipment) (died 2017)
• April 1
  • Leora Dana, actress (died 1983)
  • Bobby Jordan, actor (died 1965)
• April 3 – Daniel Hoffman, poet (died 2013)
• April 13
  • Don Adams, actor and director (died 2005)^[10]
  • Stanley Tanger, businessman and philanthropist, founder of the Tanger Factory Outlet Centers (died 2010)
• April 23 – Walter Pitts, logician and cognitive psychologist (died 1969)
• April 25
  • Timothy S. Healy, Jesuit priest and academic administrator (died 1992)
  • Albert King, blues guitarist and singer (died 1992)
• May 1 – Joseph Heller, novelist (died 1999)
• May 16 – Merton Miller, economist, recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (died 2000)
• May 27 – Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize (died 2023)
• June 2 – Lloyd Shapley, mathematician, economist and Nobel Prize laureate (died 2016)
• June 8 – Malcolm Boyd, priest and author (died 2015)
• June 19 – Geri M. Joseph, diplomat and political figure (died 2023)
• June 22 – John Oldham, basketball player (died 2020)
• July 13 – Ashley Bryan, children's book writer and illustrator (died 2022)
• July 14 – Robert Zildjian, musical instrument manufacturer (Sabian) (died 2013)
• July 22
  • Bob Dole, U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1969 to 1996, presidential candidate (died 2021)
  • The Fabulous Moolah, wrestler (died 2007)
• July 31 – Stephanie Kwolek, polymer chemist (died 2014)
• August 3 – Jean Hagen, actress (died 1977)^[11]
• August 10
  • Rhonda Fleming, screen actress (died 2020)
  • David H. Rodgers, politician (died 2017)
• August 20 – Jim Reeves, country singer (died 1964)
• September 1 – Rocky Marciano, boxer (died 1969)
• September 3
  • Glen Bell, entrepreneur, founder of Taco Bell (died 2010)
  • Mort Walker, cartoonist, creator of Beetle Bailey (died 2018)
• September 9 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, virologist (died 2008)
• September 17 – Hank Williams, country musician (died 1953)
• September 18 – Al Quie, politician (died 2023)
• September 26 – Jack Oliver, geophysicist (died 2011)
• October 1 – Babe McCarthy, basketball coach (died 1975)
• October 2 – Hershel W. Williams, Medal of Honour recipient (died 2022)
• October 4 – Charlton Heston, film actor (died 2008)
• October 20 – Robert Craft, orchestral conductor (died 2015)
• October 23
  • Ned Rorem, composer (died 2022)
  • Frank Sutton, actor (died 2022)
• October 27 – Roy Lichtenstein, pop artist (died 1997)
• November 6 – Robert P. Griffin, U.S. Senator from Michigan from 1966 to 1979 (died 2015)
• November 8 – Jack Kilby, electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (died 2005)
• November 9
  • Charles Grier Sellers, historian (died 2021)^[12]
  • James Schuyler, poet (died 1991)
• November 18
  • Ted Stevens, U.S. Senator from Alaska from 1968 to 2009 (died 2010)
  • Alan Shepard, astronaut (died 1998)
• November 23
  • Daniel Brewster, U.S. Senator from Maryland from 1963 to 1969 (died 2007)
  • Billy Haughton, harness racer and trainer (died 1986)
• November 26 – Nat Allbright, sports commentator (died 2011)
• December 2 – Maria Callas, singer (died 1977)
• December 10 – Harold Gould, actor (died 2010)
• December 11
  • Betsy Blair, film actress (died 2009)
  • Lillian Cahn, Hungarian-American businesswoman, co-founder of Coach, Inc. (died 2013)
• December 12 – Bob Barker, game show host (died 2023)
• December 13
  • Philip W. Anderson, physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (died 2020)
  • Larry Doby, baseball player (died 2003)
• December 23 – James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral and vice presidential candidate (died 2005)
• December 24 – George Patton IV, U.S. Army general (died 2004)
• December 29
  • Dina Merrill, actress, heiress, socialite and philanthropist (died 2017)
  • Mike Nussbaum, actor and director (died 2023)

Deaths

• January 1 – Willie Keeler, baseball player (born 1872)
• January 18 – Wallace Reid, actor (born 1891)
• February 6 – Edward Emerson Barnard, astronomer (born 1857)
• February 14 – Charles Henry Turner, African American entomologist (born 1867)
• February 15 – Minnie Willis Baines, author (born 1845)^[13]
• February 24 – Edward W. Morley, scientist (born 1838)
• February 26
  • Walter B. Barrows, naturalist (born 1855)
  • George Clement Perkins, U.S. Senator from California from 1893 to 1915 (born 1839)
• March 3 – Melancthon J. Briggs, lawyer and politician (born 1846)
• March 6 – Joseph McDermott, actor (born 1878)
• March 15 – Goat Anderson, baseball player (born 1880)
• April 6 – Alice Cunningham Fletcher, ethnologist and anthropologist (born 1838)
• April 11 – Mary Treat, naturalist (born 1830)
• April 28 – Knute Nelson, Governor of Minnesota from 1893 to 1895 and U.S. Senator from Minnesota from 1895 to 1923 (born 1843 in Norway)
• August 2 – Warren G. Harding, 29th president of the United States from 1921 to 1923 (born 1865)
• August 10 – Laura Redden Searing, deaf poet and journalist (born 1839)
• October 19 – Eleanor Norcross, painter (born 1854)
• October 23 – Hannah Johnston Bailey, temperance advocate and suffragist (born 1839)
• November 11 – Elizabeth Eggleston Seelye, biographer (born 1858)
• November 17 – Mary Bigelow Ingham, author, educator, and religious worker (born 1832)
• December 28 – Frank Hayes, actor (born 1871)

See also

• List of American films of 1923
• Timeline of United States history (1900–1929)

References

External links

• Media related to 1923 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons