Jaya Harivarman I
Jaya Harivarman I | |||||||||
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Raja-di-raja | |||||||||
King of Champa | |||||||||
Reign | 1147/49–1162/67 | ||||||||
Predecessor | Jaya Indravarman III | ||||||||
Successor | Jaya Harivarman II | ||||||||
Born | ? Phan Rang, Champa | ||||||||
Died | 1162 or 1167 Vijaya, Champa | ||||||||
Spouse | Jiññyan | ||||||||
Issue | Jaya Harivarman II | ||||||||
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Father | Rudravarman IV |
Jaya Harivarman I (? – 1167) was a Cham noble and King of Champa. Rising to power during the 12th Century Khmer–Cham wars, he spent much of his rule consolidating his control over Champa. He was succeeded by his son, Jaya Harivarman II.
Biography
During the early to mid 12th century, the Kingdom of Champa and Khmer Empire intermittently warred over territory and influence in Southeast Asia. In 1145, Khmer king Suryavarman II invaded Champa, occupied the capital city of Vijaya, and deposed the Cham king, Jaya Indravarman III.[1] The Khmer Empire also placed a puppet ruler, Harideva I, on the Cham throne and looted much of the country.[2][3]
Following the invasion, many Chams rose in revolt against the Khmer-supported king. During the revolt, Harivarman, known as his formal name Sivänandana, a noble from Panduranga, became the de facto leader of the rebel forces. In 1147, he defeated a Khmer army occupying Champa, forcing Suryavarman to send Khmer reinforcements to the kingdom; however, Suryavarman died between 1145 and 1150 (possibly while leading this second army in 1149), greatly weakening Khmer power in the region.[2][1] In either 1149 or 1150,[4] Harivarman and his forces defeated and killed Harideva I, with Harivarman being crowned as King Jaya Harivarman I soon after.[3] As king, he forced the second Khmer expedition to retreat from Champa in 1150,[5] though according to some sources the conflict against the Khmers continued until 1160.[6]
Following his ascension to the throne, Harivarman I spent much of his rule consolidating his control over Champa.[7] Facing threats from the Vietnamese kingdom of Đại Việt, he married his daughter to the Vietnamese ruler in 1152.[8][6] In 1150 he defeated the combined army of Dai Viet lend troops and his rebelling brother-in-law Vamsaraja's forces at the Battle of Mỹ Sơn.
In addition to his military campaigns, Harivarman refurbished the temple complex at Po Nagar.[9] In religious imagery, Harivarman depicted himself as an avatar of the semi-divine Cham ancestor Uroja, and claimed to be a reincarnation of four previous kings.[10] Though he fought against the Khmer for many years, he hosted the future Khmer king Jayavarman VII while he was in exile.[9]
Harivarman's rule ended, due to death or disappearance, in either 1162 or 1167.[6][10] He was succeeded by his son, Jaya Harivarman II, who was quickly overthrown. After a succession crisis, Jaya Indravarman IV assumed the throne of Champa.[6][10]
References
- ^ a b Golzio, Karl-Heinz. "New Perspectives on the Bayon?." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 159, no. 1 (2009): 71-80.
- ^ a b Higham, Charles (2003). The civilization of Angkor. London: Phoenix. ISBN 1-84212-584-2. OCLC 62762388. p. 120
- ^ a b Hall, D. G. E. (1981), Hall, D. G. E. (ed.), "The Kingdom of Champa", A History of South-East Asia, Macmillan Asian Histories Series, London: Macmillan Education UK, pp. 201–210, doi:10.1007/978-1-349-16521-6_8, ISBN 978-1-349-16521-6, retrieved 2021-06-18
- ^ Schweyer, Anne-Valérie. "Buddhism in Champa." (2017): p-71. Harvard.
- ^ Cœdès, George (1968). The Indianized states of Southeast Asia. Honolulu. ISBN 0-7081-0140-2. OCLC 961876784.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) p. 159, 160 - ^ a b c d Prypik, Yevhen (2020). "The Formation of an Independent Vietnamese State with ITS Transformation into a Centralized Feudal Monarchy During the XTH-Xivth Centuries". Проблеми всесвітньої історії (10): 7–18. doi:10.46869/2707-6776-2020-10-1. ISSN 2707-6776.
- ^ Middleton, John (2015-06-01). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7.
- ^ Zottoli, Brian A. (2011), Reconceptualizing Southern Vietnamese History from the 15th to 18th Centuries: Competition along the Coasts from Guangdong to Cambodia, University of Michigan, p. 58
- ^ a b Anh, Nguyễn Thể (2018-05-31). "The Vietnamization of the Cham Deity Pô Nagar". Essays into Vietnamese Pasts. Cornell University Press. pp. 42–50. doi:10.7591/9781501718991-004. hdl:10371/45524. ISBN 978-1-5017-1899-1. S2CID 187753489.
- ^ a b c Foot, Sarah; Robinson, Chase F. (2012-10-25). The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 2: 400-1400. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-163693-6.
Preceded by Rudravarman IV (absent) | King of Champa 1147–1166 | Succeeded by Jaya Harivarman II 1166–1167 |
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Lâm Ấp
192-605
Xitu
- Khu Liên
- Phạm Hùng
- Phạm Dật
- Phạm Văn
- Phạm Phật
- Bhadravarman I (Phạm Hồ Đạt)
- Gangaraja (Phạm Địch Chớn)
- Manorathavarman
- Gangarajavarman II (Phạm Địch Văn)
- Phạm Dương Mại I
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- Phạm Thần Thành
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- Devavarman (Phạm Thiên Khởi)
- Vijayavarman
- Rudravarman I
Chiêm Thành
875–1471
- Jaya Sambhuvarman
- Kandarpadharma (Fan Touli)
- Prabhasadharma (Fan Zhenlong)
- Bhadresvaravarman
- Daughter of Kandarpadharma (female)
- Vikrantavarman I
- Naravahanavarman
- Vikrantavarman II
- Rudravarman II
- Prithindravarman
- Satyavarman
- Indravarman I
- Harivarman I
- Vikrantavarman III
- Indravarman II
- Jaya Simhavarman I
- Saktivarman
- Bhadravarman II
- Indravarman III
- Jaya Indravarman I
- Paramesvaravarman I
- Indravarman IV
- Lieou Ki-Tsong (Lưu Kế Tông)
- Harivarman II
- Yang Bo Zhan
- Sri Vijayavarman (Yang Pu Ku Vijaya)
- Harivarman III
- Paramesvaravarman II
- Vikrantavarman IV
- Jaya Sinhavarman II
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
- Bhadravarman III
- Rudravarman III
- Harivarman IV
- Jaya Indravarman II
- Paramabhodhisatva
- Harivarman V
- Jaya Indravarman III
- Rudravarman IV
- Jaya Harivarman I
- Jaya Harivarman II
- Jaya Indravarman IV
- Suryajayavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Suryavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Jaya Indravarman V (Khmer vassal)
- Khmer occupation
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman II
- Jaya Indravarman VI
- Indravarman V
- Jaya Sinhavarman III (Chế Mân)
- Jaya Sinhavarman IV (Chế Chí)
- Chế Năng
- Jaya Ananda (Chế A Nan)
- Maha Sawa (Trà Hòa Bố Để)
- Po Binasuor (Chế Bồng Nga)
- Jaya Simhavarman V (La Ngai)
- Indravarman VI (Ba Đích Lại)
- Virabhadravarman
- Maha Kali (Ma Kha Quý Lai)
- Maha Vijaya (Ma Kha Bí Cai)
- Maha Kaya (Ma Kha Quý Do)
- Maha Saya (Bàn La Trà Duyệt)
- Maha Sajan (Bàn La Trà Toàn)
- Maha Sajai (Bàn La Trà Toại)
Principality of Thuận Thành
1471–1835
- Jayavarman Mafoungnan (Bố Trì Trì)
- Po Kabih
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- Po Kunarai
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- Po Rome
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- Vietnamese occupation
- Po Saktiraydapatih (Kế Bà Tử)
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- Po War Palei (La Bôn Vương)