List of icebreakers

This is a list of icebreakers and other special icebreaking vessels (except cargo ships and tankers) capable of operating independently in ice-covered waters. Ships known to be in service are presented in bold.[1][2]

Argentina

  • ARA General San Martín (1954–1982)
  • ARA Almirante Irízar (1978–2007, 2017–)
  • ARA Bahía Paraíso (1980–1989; sank in Antarctica)
  • A new icebreaking Antarctic logistics vessel is planned to enter service in the late 2020s.[3]

Australia

  • Aurora Australis (1990–2020; decommissioned)
  • Nuyina (2021–)[4]

Austria

  • Eisvogel (1955–)
  • Röthelstein (1995–)

Azerbaijan

  • Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1992–1999; laid up)[5]

Canada

Canadian Coast Guard

CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent in Halifax Harbour
  • CGS Northern Light (1876–1890; sold)
  • CGS Stanley (1888–1935; broken up)
  • CGS Minto (1899–1915; sold to Russia)
  • CGS Montcalm (1904–1942; sold to Russia)
  • CGS Earl Grey (1909–1914; sold to Russia)[6]
  • CGS Mikula (1916; 1923–1937; ex-J.D. Hazen, ex-Mikula Seleaninovich; broken up)[6]
  • CCGS Saurel (1929–1967; broken up)[6]
  • CCGS N.B. McLean (1930–1979; broken up)
  • CCGS Ernest Lapointe (1939–1978; museum ship)
  • CCGS C.D. Howe (1950–1969; sold to private company)
  • CCGS D'Iberville (1952–1983; broken up)
  • CCGS Labrador (1954–1987; broken up)
  • CCGS Montcalm (1957–1988; broken up)
  • CCGS Sir William Alexander (1959–1989; CCGS William since 1987; sold to private company)
  • CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert (1959–2001; sold to private company)
  • CCGS Alexander Henry (1959–1984; museum ship)
  • CCGS Camsell (1959–1988; broken up)
  • CCGS Wolfe (1959–1988; broken up)
  • CCGS Tupper (1959–1997; sold to private company)
  • CCGS John A. Macdonald (1960–1991; broken up)
  • CCGS John Cabot (1965–1994; sold to private company)
  • CCGS Norman McLeod Rogers (1969–1993; sold to Chile)
  • CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent (1969–)
  • CCGS Griffon (1970–)
  • Pierre Radisson class
    • CCGS Pierre Radisson (1977–)
    • CCGS Amundsen (1979–)
    • CCGS Des Groseilliers (1982–)
    • CCGS Henry Larsen (1987–)
  • Samuel Risley class
    • CCGS Samuel Risley (1985–)
    • CCGS Earl Grey (1986–)
  • Martha L. Black class
    • CCGS Martha L. Black (1986–)
    • CCGS George R. Pearkes (1986–)
    • CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1986–)
    • CCGS Kopit Hopson 1752 (1986–; ex-Edward Cornwallis)
    • CCGS Sir William Alexander (1987–)
    • CCGS Ann Harvey (1987–)
  • CCGS Terry Fox (1991–)
  • Interim icebreakers
    • CCGS Captain Molly Kool (2018–; ex-Vidar Viking)[7]
    • CCGS Jean Goodwill (2020–; ex-Balder Viking)[7][8]
    • CCGS Vincent Massey (2022–; ex-Tor Viking)[7][8]
    • CCGS Judy LaMarsh (2021–; ex-Mangystau-2)[9][10]
  • New icebreakers and icebreaking vessels planned as part of the National Shipbuilding Strategy
    • six medium-sized "program icebreakers"[11]
    • two modified Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessels[12]
    • sixteen multi-purpose vessels[13]
    • two polar icebreakers based on the proposed CCGS John G. Diefenbaker design[14]

Royal Canadian Navy

  • HMCS Labrador (1954–1961; transferred to Coast Guard)
  • Harry DeWolf-class offshore patrol vessel
    • HMCS Harry DeWolf (2021–)[15]
    • HMCS Margaret Brooke (2022–)[16]
    • HMCS Max Bernays (2024–)[17]
    • HMCS William Hall (2024–)[18]
    • HMCS Frédérick Rolette (under construction)
    • HMCS Robert Hampton Gray (under construction)

Commercial

  • Canmar Kigoriak (1979–2003; sold to Russia)
  • Robert LeMeur (1982–1997; sold to China)
  • Terry Fox (1983–1991; leased and later sold to the Canadian Coast Guard)
  • Arctic Kalvik (1983–2003; sold to Russia)
  • Ikaluk (1983–1998; Canmar Ikaluk since 1995; sold to Russia)
  • Miscaroo (1983–1998; Canmar Miscaroo since 1995; sold to Russia)
  • Arctic Ivik (1985–1997; sold and later converted to survey vessel Geco Snapper)
  • Polar S (2000–2022; ex-Njord, ex-Polar Star; broken up)
  • Polar Prince (2000–; ex-CCGS Sir Humphrey Gilbert)
  • Arcticaborg (2018–2019; transferred to Russia)

China

State Oceanic Administration

Polar Research Institute of China

  • Xuě Lóng (雪龙, "Snow Dragon") (1993–)
  • Xuě Lóng 2 (雪龙2, "Snow Dragon 2") (2019–)[19]

North Sea Branch

  • Ji Di (2024– (planned); under construction)[20][21]

People's Liberation Army Navy

  • Type 071 icebreaker
    • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (1971–2013; in reserve)
    • Haibing 721 (海冰721, "Sea Ice 721") (1973–2013; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
  • Type 210 icebreaker
    • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (1982–2012; transferred to the China Coast Guard)
  • Type 272 icebreaker
    • Haibing 722 (海冰722, "Sea Ice 722") (2016–)
    • Haibing 723 (海冰723, "Sea Ice 723") (2016–)

China Coast Guard

  • Donghai 519 (东海519, "East China Sea 519") (2013–; ex-Haibing 721)
  • Haijing 6401 (中国海警6401; "China Coast Guard 6401") (2012–; ex-Haibing 723, ex-Haijing 1411)

Sun Yat-sen University

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Other

  • Bin Hai 293 (滨海293, "Coastal 293") (1997–2016; ex-Robert LeMeur; broken up)[23]
  • Beijing Ocean Leader (2018–2021; ex-Ikaluk, ex-Smit Sibu, ex-Canmar Ikaluk; sold to Sun Yat-sen University)

Chile

Chilean Navy

Denmark

Danbjørn, Isbjørn and Thorbjørn moored at Frederikshavn
  • Bryderen (1884–1947; sold to Poland; broken up in 1960)
  • Isbjørn (1923–1965)[28]
  • Lillebjørn (1926–1968)[28]
  • Storebjørn (1931–1974; broken up)[28]
  • Elbjørn (1954–1996; used as a restaurant ship until sold for scrap in 2019)[29]
  • Danbjørn (1965–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)[30]
  • Isbjørn (1966–2013; sold for scrap in 2023)[30]
  • Thorbjørn (1980–2015; sold to private company)[31]

Estonia

Estonian Maritime Museum

  • Suur Tõll (1922–1940; museum ship in Tallinn since 1987)

Estonian Maritime Administration

  • Tarmo (1993–; purchased from Finland)
  • EVA 316 (1995–; ex-Lonna; purchased from Finland)

Port of Tallinn

  • Karu (1988–2002; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Finland and sold to Russia)
  • Botnica (2012–; purchased from Finland)

Finland

State-owned icebreakers

Steam-powered

Steam-powered icebreakers Tarmo and Jääkarhu
  • Murtaja (1890–1958; broken up)
  • Sampo (1898–1960; broken up)
  • Apu (1899–1959; broken up)
  • Tarmo (1907–1970; museum ship in Kotka since 1992)
  • Wäinämöinen (1918–1922; handed over to Estonia)
  • Ilmarinen (1918–1922; handed over to the Soviet Union)
  • Voima (1924–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
  • Jääkarhu (1926–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)

Diesel-electric

Six modern Finnish icebreakers docked for the summer season at Katajanokka, Helsinki
  • Sisu (1939–1974; transferred to the Finnish Navy)
  • Voima (1954–)
  • Karhu class
    • Karhu (1958–1986; sold to the Soviet Union)
    • Murtaja (1959–1986; broken up)
    • Sampo (1961–1987; sold to the city of Kemi)
  • Tarmo class
    • Tarmo (1963–1993; sold to Estonia)
    • Varma (1968–1994; sold to Latvia)
    • Apu (1970–2006; sold to Russia)
  • Hanse (1966–1998; sold to Greece; wrecked off Tunisia)
  • Urho class
    • Urho (1975–)
    • Sisu (1976–)
  • Otso class
    • Otso (1986–)
    • Kontio (1987–)
  • Multipurpose icebreakers
    • Fennica (1993–)
    • Nordica (1994–)
    • Botnica (1998–2012; sold to Estonia)
  • Polaris (2016–)

Finnish Navy

  • Louhi (1975–1986; ex-Sisu; broken up)
  • Louhi (2011–)

Alfons Håkans

  • Zeus of Finland (1995–; ex-Zeus)
  • Thetis (2016–2023; ex-Storm Express, ex-Maersk Shipper, ex-Maersk Placentia, ex-Placentia Bay; sold)[32]

City of Kemi

  • Sampo (1987–)

France

French Navy

  • L'Astrolabe (2017–)[33]

Compagnie du Ponant

Other

  • L'Astrolabe (1988–2017; ex-Austral Fish, ex-Fort Resolution; decommissioned and sold)

Germany

Historical

  • Elbe (1911–??; museum ship)
  • Hindenburg (1916–1918; sunk by mine)
  • Stettin (1933–1981; museum ship)
  • Wal (1938–1990; museum ship)
  • Castor (1941–1945; sunk by mine but later raised by the Soviet Union)
  • Eisvogel (1942–1945; handed over to the Soviet Union)
  • Eisbär (1942–1946; handed over to the Soviet Union)
  • Pollux (1943–1945; sunk by mine)

Alfred-Wegener-Institut

  • Polarstern (1982–)
  • New icebreaking polar research vessel is expected to enter service in 2027.[35]

Other

  • Eisvogel class
    • Eisvogel (1961–2006; sold)
    • Eisbär (1961–1997; sold)
  • Max Waldeck (1966–2006; broken up; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1981)
  • Stephan Jantzen (1967–2005; museum ship)[36]
  • Neuwerk (1997–)
  • Arkona (2004–)

Italy

  • Laura Bassi (2019–)[37]

Japan

Imperial Japanese Navy

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

  • Fuji (1965–1985; museum ship)
  • Shirase (1981–2008; sold to Weathernews)
  • Shirase (2008–)

Japan Coast Guard

  • Sōya (PL107) (1938–1978; museum ship)
  • Sōya (PHL01) (1978–)
  • Teshio (PM 15) (1995–)

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

  • Mirai II (2027– (planned); under construction)[38][39]

Kazakhstan

The following icebreaking supply ships are operating or have operated in the Kazakh Caspian Sea oil fields:

  • Arcticaborg (1998–2018; transferred to Canada)
  • Antarcticaborg (1998–2019; sold to Russia)
  • Tulpar (2002–)
  • Mangystau-class icebreaking tugs
    • Mangystau-1 (2010–2023; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
    • Mangystau-2 (2010–2020; transferred to Turkmenian flag)
    • Mangystau-3 (2011–)
    • Mangystau-4 (2011–)
    • Mangystau-5 (2011–)

Kazakhstani Coast Guard

  • Kazhymukan (2016–)

Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan

  • Ledokol-2 (1984–)

Latvia

  • Krišjānis Valdemārs (1925–1941; sunk)
  • Varma (1994–)[40]
  • Foros (2013–2024; sold to Estonia)[41][42]

Netherlands

Greenpeace

  • Arctic Sunrise (1995–)

Other

  • Nabil (2022– (planned); completed but not delivered due to sanctions)[43]

Norway

Poland

  • Kuna (1884–; oldest in service river icebreaker in the world)
  • Perkun (1963–1993; broken up)

Russia

Icebreakers

The following lists include icebreakers owned and/or operated by either governmental or commercial entities.

Nuclear-powered icebreakers

Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker Yamal
  • Lenin (1959–1989; museum ship in Murmansk)
  • Arktika class
    • Arktika (1975–2008; ex-Leonid Brezhnev, ex-Arktika; decommissioned)[45]
    • Sibir (1977–1992; decommissioned)[45]
    • Rossiya (1985–2013; decommissioned)[45][46]
    • Sovetskiy Soyuz (1990–2014; decommissioned)[47][48]
    • Yamal (1992–)
    • 50 Let Pobedy (2007–)
  • Taymyr class
    • Taymyr (1989–)
    • Vaygach (1990–)
  • Project 22220
    • Arktika (2020–)[49]
    • Sibir (2021–)[50]
    • Ural (2022–)[51]
    • Yakutiya (2024– (planned); under construction)[52]
    • Chukotka (2026– (planned); under construction)[53]
    • Leningrad (2028– (planned); under construction)[54]
    • Stalingrad (2030– (planned); ordered)[55]
  • Project 10510
    • Rossiya (2030– (planned); under construction)[56]

Diesel-powered icebreakers

Kapitan Khlebnikov en route to Wrangel Island
  • Wind class
    • Severny Veter (1944–1951; ex-USCGC Staten Island; returned to the United States)
    • Severniy Polyus (1945–1951; ex-USS Westwind; returned to the United States)
    • Admiral Makarov (1945–1949; ex-USCGC Southwind; returned to the United States)
  • Kapitan Belousov class
    • Kapitan Belousov (1954–1991; sold to Ukraine)[57]
    • Kapitan Voronin (1955–1996; broken up)[58]
    • Kapitan Melekhov (1956–1994; broken up)[59]
  • Moskva class
    • Moskva (1959–1998; broken up)[60]
    • Leningrad (1960–1993; broken up)[61]
    • Kiev (1965–1993; broken up)[62]
    • Murmansk (1968–1995; broken up)[63]
    • Vladivostok (1969–1997; broken up)[64]
  • Civilian variants of Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97A)
    • Vasiliy Pronchishchev (1961–1989; ex-Ledokol-1; broken up)[65]
    • Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1992; ex-Ledokol-2; passed over to Ukraine)[66]
    • Khariton Laptev (1962–1996; ex-Ledokol-3; broken up)[67]
    • Vasiliy Poyarkov (1963–1988; ex-Ledokol-4; broken up)[68]
    • Yerofey Khabarov (1963–1993; ex-Ledokol-5; broken up)[69]
    • Ivan Kruzenstern (1964–; ex-Ledokol-6)[70]
    • Vladimir Rusanov (1964–1988; ex-Ledokol-7; broken up)[71]
    • Semyon Chelyuskin (1965–1988; ex-Ledokol-8; broken up)[72]
    • Yuriy Lisyanskiy (1965–2021; ex-Ledokol-9; to be broken up)[73]
    • Fyodor Litke (1970–2013; broken up)[74]
    • Ivan Moskvitin (1971–1997; broken up)[75]
    • Semyon Dezhnev (1971–)[76]
  • Ermak class
    • Ermak (1974–2021; broken up)[77]
    • Admiral Makarov (1975–)
    • Krasin (1976–)
  • Kapitan M. Izmaylov class
    • Kapitan M. Izmaylov (1976–)
    • Kapitan Kosolapov (1976–)
    • Kapitan A. Radzhabov (1976–1992; transferred to Azerbaijan)
  • Kapitan Sorokin class
  • Kapitan Chechkin class
    • Kapitan Chechkin (1977–)
    • Kapitan Plakhin (1977–)
    • Kapitan Chadaev (1978–)
    • Kapitan Krutov (1978–)
    • Kapitan Bukaev (1978–)
    • Kapitan Zarubin (1978–)
  • Mudyug class
    • Mudyug (1982–; fitted with Thyssen-Waas bow in 1986)
    • Magadan (1982–)
    • Dikson (1983–)
  • Kapitan Evdokimov class
    • Kapitan Evdokimov (1983–)
    • Kapitan Babichev (1983–)
    • Kapitan Chudinov (1983–)
    • Kapitan Borodkin (1983–)
    • Avraamiy Zavenyagin (1984–)
    • Kapitan Mecaik (1984–)
    • Kapitan Deminov (1984–)
    • Kapitan Moshkin (1986–)
  • Tor (2000–; purchased from Sweden)[78]
  • Karu (2002–2020; ex-Karhu, ex-Kapitan Chubakov; purchased from Estonia; broken up)
  • Dudinka (2006–; ex-Apu; purchased from Finland)
  • Project 21900
    • Moskva (2008–)
    • Sankt-Peterburg (2009–)
  • Baltika (2014–)
  • Project MPSV06
    • Beringov Proliv (2015–)[79]
    • Murman (2015–)[79]
    • Kerchenskiy Proliv (under construction)[80]
  • Project 21900M
    • Vladivostok (2015–)
    • Murmansk (2015–)[81]
    • Novorossiysk (2016–)[82]
  • Ob (2019–)[83]
  • Georgiy Sedov (2019–; ex-Antarcticaborg; purchased from Kazakhstan)
  • Viktor Chernomyrdin (2020–)[84]
  • Project 21900M2
    • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2023– (planned); construction stopped as of 2021)[85]
    • Unnamed Project 21900M2 icebreaker (2028– (planned); under construction)[86]
  • Boris Lavrov (2024– (planned); under construction)[87]
  • Project 23620
    • Two unnamed Project 23620 icebreakers (2024– (planned); ordered)[88][89]
  • Project MPSV06M
    • Pevek (2024– (planned); under construction)[90]
    • Anadyr (2024– (planned); under construction)[91]
  • Project 22740M
    • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)[92]
    • Unnamed Project 22740M icebreaker (under construction)[93]

Steam-powered icebreakers

Steam-powered icebreaker Yermak
  • Pilot (1864–1890; broken up?)
  • Ledokol 1 (1890–1915; later converted to a gunboat)[94][95][96]
  • Ledokol 2 (1895–1923; hander over to Latvia)[94]
  • Saratovskiy Ledokol (1895–1968; sunk)[97]
  • Nadeshnyy (1897–1924; later converted to a gunboat)[94]
  • Yermak (1899–1963; broken up)
  • Gaydamak (1898–1930; broken up)[94]
  • Ledokol 3 (1899–1923; broken up)[94][98]
  • Ledokol IV (1907–1942; sunk by Germans)[94]
  • A. Sibiryakov (1909–1942; sunk by Germans)
  • Vaygach (1909–1918; sank in 1918)
  • Taymyr (1909–1950s?; broken up)
  • Silatch (1910–1918, 1922–late 1950s; broken up)
  • Malygin (1912–1940; sunk in 1940)
  • Volynets (1914–1918, 1940–1985; ex-Tsar' Mikhail Fyodorovich, ex-Wäinämöinen, ex-Suur Tõll; sold to Estonia in 1987)
  • Fyodor Litke (1914–1958; ex-CGC Earl Grey; broken up)
  • Georgiy Sedov (1915–1967; ex-Beothic (1909–1915); broken up)
  • Sadko (1915–1941; ex-Lintrose (1912–1915); sank in 1941)
  • Mikula Seleaninovich (1916–1918)[94]
  • Ledokol V (1916–1941; sank in 1941)[99]
  • Ledokol VI (1916–1961; broken up)[100]
  • Ledokol VII (1916–1954; broken up)[101]
  • Ledokol VIII (1917–1961; broken up)[102]
  • Ledokol IX (1917–1932; sank in White Sea)[103]
  • Krasin (1917–1971; extensively rebuilt in 1953–1960, now a museum ship in St. Petersburg)
  • Lenin (1917–1968; broken up)
  • Stepan Makarov (1917–1941; sunk)
  • Toros (1929–1964)[94]
  • Sibir (1938–1973; ex-I. Stalin (−1961); broken up)
  • Admiral Lazarev (1938–1967; ex-L. Kaganovich (−1951); broken up)
  • Admiral Makarov (1941–1967; ex-V. Molotov (−1956); broken up)
  • A. Mikoyan (1941–1968; broken up)
  • Malygin (1945–1970; ex-Voima; broken up)
  • Sibiryakov (1945–1972; ex-Jääkarhu; broken up)
  • Alyosha Popovich (1945–1970; ex-Eisvogel; decommissioned and abandoned off Russky Island)
  • Ilya Muromets (1946–1979; ex-Eisbär; broken up in 1981)[104]
  • Peresvet (1951–1980; ex-Castor; decommissioned and abandoned off Reyneke Island)

Other icebreaking vessels

Offshore vessels

The following Russian-owned, -operated and/or -flagged icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels, platform supply vessels, standby vessels etc. are or have been engaged primarily in offshore oil and gas projects:

  • Ikaluk (1998–2018; ex-Ikaluk; ex-Canmar Ikaluk; ex-Smit Sibu; sold to China)
  • Smit Sakhalin (1998–2017; ex-Miscaroo; ex-Canmar Miscaroo; broken up)
  • Kigoriak (2003–2022; ex-Canmar Kigoriak, ex-Kigoria, ex-Talagy; broken up)[105]
  • Vladimir Ignatyuk (2003–2018; ex-Arctic Kalvik; laid up)[106]
  • SCF Sakhalin (2005–)
  • SCF Enterprise (2006–; ex-Pacific Enterprise)
  • SCF Endeavour (2006–; ex-Pacific Endeavour)
  • SCF Endurance (2006–; ex-Pacific Endurance)
  • Polar Pevek (2006–2022)[107]
  • Hermes (2006–; ex-Yury Topchev)
  • Antey (2006–; ex-Vladislav Strizhov)
  • Toboy (2008–)
  • Varandey (2008–)
  • Vidar Viking (2012–2016; charter under Russian flag)[108]
  • Vitus Bering (2012–)
  • Aleksey Chirikov (2013–)
  • Aleut (2015–)[109]
  • Pomor (2016–)
  • Normann (2016–)
  • Gennadiy Nevelskoy (2017–)
  • Stepan Makarov (2017–)
  • Fedor Ushakov (2017–)
  • Yevgeny Primakov (2018–)
  • Aleksandr Sannikov (2018–)[110]
  • Andrey Vilkitskiy (2018–)[111]
  • Arcticaborg (2019–)
  • Katerina Velikaya (under construction)[112]
  • Svyataya Mariya (under construction)[112]
  • Aleksandr Nevskiy (under construction)[112]
  • Vladimir Monomakh (under construction)[112]

In addition, the following shallow-draught icebreaking offshore vessels operate in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea oil fields:

Patrol and naval vessels

The following icebreakers and other icebreaking vessels are or have been in service with the Russian Navy, Russian Border Guard, and their predecessors:

  • Purga (1957–1990)[117]
  • Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) and its variants
  • Ilya Muromets (2017–)[132]
  • Project 21180M
    • Evpatiy Kolovrat (2023–)[133]
    • Svyatogor (2027– (planned); under construction)[134][135]
  • Project 23550
    • Ivan Papanin (2023– (planned); under construction)[136]
    • Nikolay Zubov (2024– (planned); under construction)
    • Purga (2024– (planned); under construction)[137]
    • Dzerzhinsky (under construction)[138]

Research and survey vessels

  • Dobrynya Nikitich class (Project 97) variants
    • Pyotr Pakhtusov (1966–1997; ex-Mendeleev; ex-Ledokol-10; broken up)[139]
    • Georgiy Sedov (1967–1992; broken up)[140]
    • Vladimir Kavrayskiy (1969–2012; used as stationary floating barracks PKZ-86)[141]
    • Otto Schmidt (1979–1991; broken up)[142]
  • Mikhail Somov (1975–)[143]
  • Akademik Fedorov (1987–)[144]
  • Akademik Tryoshnikov (2012–)[145]
  • Ivan Frolov (2028– (planned); ordered)[146]

South Africa

South Korea

  • Araon (2009–)
  • A new research icebreaker is expected to enter service by 2027[147]

Soviet Union

See Russia

Sweden

Swedish Maritime Administration

Swedish icebreaker Ymer
  • Sankt Erik (1915–1977; ex-Isbrytaren II (−1959); museum ship since 1977)
  • Atle (1926–1967; ex-Statsisbrytaren (−1931); broken up)[148]
  • Ymer (1933–1977; broken up)[149]
  • Thule (1953–1998; broken up)[150]
  • Oden (1957–1988; broken up)[151]
  • Tor (1964–2000; sold to Russia)[78]
  • Njord (1969–2000; sold and renamed Polar Star)[152]
  • Ale (1973–)
  • Atle class
    • Atle (1974–)
    • Frej (1975–)
    • Ymer (1977–)
  • Oden (1988–)
  • Idun (2024–; purchased from Norway)[153]
  • First of the new planned icebreakers to enter service in 2027[154]

Trans Viking Icebreaking & Offshore

Three icebreaking anchor handling tug supply vessels were chartered by the Swedish Maritime Administration for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea until 2015.

Turkmenistan

  • Mangystau-2 (2020–2021; sold to Canada)
  • Mangystau-1 (2023–)

Ukraine

  • Afanasy Nikitin (1962–1995; broken up)[66]
  • Kapitan Belousov (1991–)[57]
  • Noosfera (2021–; ex-James Clark Ross; purchased from United Kingdom)[156]

United Kingdom

HMS Protector
  • HMS Endurance (1990–2008; broken up)[157]
  • RRS James Clark Ross (1991–2021; sold to Ukraine)[158]
  • RRS Ernest Shackleton (1995–2019; sold to Italy)[159]
  • HMS Protector (2011–)[160]
  • RRS Sir David Attenborough (2020–)[161]

United States

United States Coast Guard

USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10)
USCGC Healy
  • USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83) (1944–2006; museum ship)
  • Wind class
    • USCGC Staten Island (WAGB-278) (1944–1974; ex-Severny Veter; ex-Northwind; broken up)
    • USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279) (1944–1968; broken up in 1976–1977)
    • USCGC Southwind (WAGB-280) (1944–1974; ex-Admiral Makarov; ex-Atka; broken up in 1976)
    • USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281) (1944–1988; ex-Severniy Polyus; broken up)
    • USCGC Northwind (WAGB-282) (1945–1989; broken up in 1999)
    • USCGC Burton Island (WAGB-283) (1946–1978; broken up in 1982)
    • USCGC Edisto (WAGB-284) (1947–1974; broken up in 1980)
  • USCGC Glacier (WAGB-4) (1955–1987; broken up in 2012)
  • Polar class
    • USCGC Polar Star (WAGB-10) (1977–2006, 2013–)
    • USCGC Polar Sea (WAGB-11) (1978–2010; inactive)
  • USCGC Healy (WAGB-20) (2000–)
  • USCGC Mackinaw (WLBB-30) (2006–)
  • Polar Security Cutters
    • USCGC Polar Sentinel (2028– (current estimate); ordered)
    • Up to two additional Polar Security Cutter are expected to enter service in the late 2020s.[162]

National Science Foundation

Edison Chouest Offshore

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