Pengana

Pengana Temporal range: Early Miocene
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Accipitriformes
Family:	Accipitridae
Genus:	†Pengana
Species:	†P. robertbolesi
Binomial name
†Pengana robertbolesi Boles, 1993

Pengana robertbolesi, also referred to as the flexiraptor, is an extinct bird of prey that lived during the Early Miocene (23–16 million years ago). Living relatives of P. robertbolesi may include the harriers. When alive, it may have resembled a cross between the secretary bird and crested caracara.

Its remains were found in Riversleigh, Queensland, Australia. P. robertbolesi is only known from a tibiotarsus (ankle bone). However, this is of most peculiar construction, allowing the leg to be swivelled backwards and sideways. The bird was thus well adapted to reaching into holes and crevices and extracting prey. The vernacular name flexiraptor was coined to reflect this ability.

References

• Boles, W. E. (1993a): Pengana robertbolesi, a peculiar bird of prey from the Tertiary of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia. Alcheringa 17: 19–26.
• Boles, W. E. (1993b): The fabulous flexiraptor: a bird with a strange twist. Riversleigh Notes 22: 2–3.

External links

• Australian Museum

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Genera of eagles, condors and their extinct allies

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Aves
• Clade: Telluraves
• Clade: Accipitrimorphae

Accipitrimorphae
Cathartiformes incertae sedis †Parasarcoramphus †Teratornithidae Aiolornis Argentavis Cathartornis Oscaravis Taubatornis Teratornis Cathartidae †Aizenogyps †Brasilogyps †Breagyps Cathartes †Cathartidarum Coragyps †Diatropornis †Dryornis †Geronogyps Gymnogyps †Hadrogyps †Kuntur †Pampagyps †Phasmagyps †Perugyps †Pleistovultur †Pliogyps Sarcoramphus Vultur †Wingegyps Accipitriformes See below ↓

Accipitriformes

†Horusornithidae Horusornis Pandionidae Pandion Sagittariidae †Amanuensis †Amphiserpentarius †Pelargopappus Sagittarius Accipitridae incertae sedis †Amplibuteo †Aquilavus †Apatosagittarius †Aviraptor †"Cruschedula"? †Dynatoaetus †Gigantohierax †Gobihierax †Milvoides †Mioaegypius †Miohierax †Necrastur †Palaeohierax †Palaeastur †Palaeocircus †Palaeoplancus †"Palaetus" †Pengana †Proictinia †Promilio †Qiluornis †Titanohierax †Vinchinavis Aegypiinae Aegypius †Cryptogyps †Gansugyps Gyps Necrosyrtes Sarcogyps Torgos Trigonoceps Accipitrinae Accipiter Erythrotriorchis Megatriorchis Aquilinae Aquila Clanga Hieraaetus Ictinaetus Lophaetus Lophotriorchis Nisaetus Polemaetus Spizaetus Stephanoaetus †Archaehieraxinae Archaehierax Buteoninae †Bermuteo †Garganoaetus Buteonini Busarellus Butastur Buteo Buteogallus Cryptoleucopteryx Geranoaetus Geranospiza Helicolestes Ictinia Leucopternis Morphnarchus Parabuteo Pseudastur Rostrhamus Rupornis Milvini Haliastur Milvus Circaetinae Circaetus Dryotriorchis Eutriorchis Pithecophaga Spilornis Terathopius Circinae Circus Elaninae Chelictinia Elanus Gampsonyx Gypaetinae †Anchigyps †Arikarornis Gypaetus Gypohierax †Mioneophron †Neogyps Neophron †Neophrontops †Palaeoborus Polyboroides Haliaeetinae Haliaeetus Icthyophaga Harpaginae Harpagus Kaupifalco Microspizias Harpiinae Harpia Harpyopsis Macheiramphus Morphnus Lophospizinae Lophospiza Melieraxinae Melierax Micronisus Urotriorchis Perninae Aviceda Chondrohierax Elanoides Eutriorchis Hamirostra Henicopernis Leptodon Lophoictinia Pernis

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