United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education

1969 United States Supreme Court case

United States v. Montgomery County Bd. of Ed.
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued April 28, 1969 Decided June 2, 1969
Full case name	United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education
Citations	395 U.S. 225 (more) 89 S. Ct. 1670; 23 L. Ed. 2d 263; 1969 U.S. LEXIS 1433
Holding
The school board must move toward a goal whereby "in each school the ratio of white to Negro faculty members is substantially the same as it is throughout the system."
Court membership
Chief Justice Earl Warren Associate Justices Hugo Black · William O. Douglas John M. Harlan II · William J. Brennan Jr. Potter Stewart · Byron White Thurgood Marshall
Case opinion
Majority	Black, joined by unanimous

United States v. Montgomery Country Board of Education, 395 U.S. 225 (1969), was a case heard before the United States Supreme Court concerning the integration of public schools in Montgomery County, Alabama.

See also

List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 395

External links

Text of United States v. Montgomery Country Board of Education, 395 U.S. 225 (1969) is available from: CourtListener Findlaw Google Scholar Justia Library of Congress Oyez (oral argument audio)

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United States Fourteenth Amendment case law

Citizenship Clause
Slaughter-House Cases (1873) Minor v. Happersett (1875) Elk v. Wilkins (1884) United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898) Perez v. Brownell (1958) Afroyim v. Rusk (1967) Rogers v. Bellei (1971) Saenz v. Roe (1999)

Due Process Clause

Economic substantive due process	Mugler v. Kansas (1887) Allgeyer v. Louisiana (1897) Holden v. Hardy (1898) Lochner v. New York (1905) Muller v. Oregon (1908) Coppage v. Kansas (1915) Buchanan v. Warley (1917) Adams v. Tanner (1917) O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co. (1931) West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937)
Right to privacy	Meyer v. Nebraska (1923) Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925) Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Roe v. Wade (1973) Doe v. Bolton (1973) Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) Lawrence v. Texas (2003) Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016) Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
Abortion jurisprudence	United States v. Vuitch (1971) Roe v. Wade (1973) Doe v. Bolton (1973) Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth (1976) Bellotti v. Baird I (1976) Colautti v. Franklin (1979) Bellotti v. Baird II (1979) H. L. v. Matheson (1981) City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983) Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists (1986) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990) Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1990) Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) Leavitt v. Jane L. (1996) Lambert v. Wicklund (1997) Mazurek v. Armstrong (1997) Stenberg v. Carhart (2000) Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England (2006) Gonzales v. Carhart (2007) Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (2016) Azar v. Garza (2018) Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc. (2019) June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo (2020) Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)
Civil rights liability under Section 1983	Monroe v. Pape (1961) McNeese v. Board of Education (1963) Pierson v. Ray (1967) Jenkins v. McKeithen (1969) Scheuer v. Rhodes (1974) Wood v. Strickland (1975) O'Connor v. Donaldson (1975) Paul v. Davis (1976) Imbler v. Pachtman (1976) Monell v. Department of Social Services of the City of New York (1978) Procunier v. Navarette (1978) Owen v. City of Independence (1980) Harlow v. Fitzgerald (1982) Felder v. Casey (1988) Will v. Michigan Department of State Police (1989) Gonzaga University v. Doe (2002) Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community (2003) City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams (2005) Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee (2009) Ashcroft v. Iqbal (2009) Los Angeles County v. Humphries (2010) Connick v. Thompson (2011)
Other	Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905) Zucht v. King (1922) Buck v. Bell (1927) Powell v. Alabama (1932) Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. (1950) NAACP v. Alabama (1958) Hoyt v. Florida (1961) Oyler v. Boles (1962) Loving v. Virginia (1967) Epperson v. Arkansas (1968) In re Winship (1971) Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur (1974) Arnett v. Kennedy (1974) Taylor v. Louisiana (1975) Goss v. Lopez (1975) Mathews v. Eldridge (1976) Moore v. City of East Cleveland (1977) Duren v. Missouri (1979) Parham v. J.R. (1979) Parratt v. Taylor (1981) Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co. (1982) Kolender v. Lawson (1983) Hudson v. Palmer (1984) Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill (1985) Edwards v. Aguillard (1987) Turner v. Safley (1987) DeShaney v. Winnebago County (1989) Michael H. v. Gerald D. (1989) Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health (1990) Washington v. Glucksberg (1997) Troxel v. Granville (2000) Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co. (2009) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Williams v. Pennsylvania (2016)

Equal Protection Clause

Race	Pace v. Alabama (1883) Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education (1899) Lum v. Rice (1927) Smith v. Texas (1940) Hirabayashi v. United States (1943) Korematsu v. United States (1944) Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma (1948) Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) Perez v. Sharp (Cal. 1948) Sweatt v. Painter (1950) McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents (1950) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Briggs v. Elliott Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County Gebhart v. Belton Lucy v. Adams (1955) Browder v. Gayle (M.D. Ala. 1956) Anderson v. Martin (1964) Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (1964) McLaughlin v. Florida (1964) Reitman v. Mulkey (1967) Loving v. Virginia (1967) Lee v. Washington (1968) Green v. County School Board of New Kent County (1968) Hunter v. Erickson (1969) Hadnott v. Amos (1969) United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education (1969) Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education (1969) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) McDaniel v. Barresi (1971) Palmer v. Thompson (1971) Coit v. Green (1971) Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson (1971) Jefferson v. Hackney (1972) Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver (1973) Norwood v. Harrison (1973) Milliken v. Bradley (1974) Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. (1977) Dayton Bd. of Ed. v. Brinkman (1977) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1 (1982) Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education (1982) Palmore v. Sidoti (1984) Hunter v. Underwood (1985) Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education (1986) City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (1989) Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell (1991) Freeman v. Pitts (1992) United States v. Fordice (1992) Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of America v. Jacksonville (1993) Missouri v. Jenkins (1995) Texas v. Lesage (1999) Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) Johnson v. California (2005) Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007) Fisher v. University of Texas I (2013) Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action (2014) Fisher v. University of Texas II (2016) Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College (2023)
Sex	Breedlove v. Suttles (1937) Goesaert v. Cleary (1948) Reed v. Reed (1971) Moritz v. Commissioner (1972) Kahn v. Shevin (1974) Geduldig v. Aiello (1974) Stanton v. Stanton (1975) Edwards v. Healy (1975) Craig v. Boren (1976) Orr v. Orr (1979) Parham v. Hughes (1979) Caban v. Mohammed (1979) Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney (1979) Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co. (1980) Kirchberg v. Feenstra (1981) Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County (1981) Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982) Lehr v. Robertson (1983) J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B. (1994) United States v. Virginia (1996)
Sexual orientation	Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) Romer v. Evans (1996) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
Alienage	Patsone v. Pennsylvania (1914) Truax v. Raich (1915) Heim v. McCall (1915) Crane v. New York (1915) Terrace v. Thompson (1923) Porterfield v. Webb (1923) Webb v. O'Brien (1923) Frick v. Webb (1923) Ohio ex rel. Clark v. Deckebach (1927) Takahashi v. Fish and Game Comm'n (1948) Hernandez v. Texas (1954) Graham v. Richardson (1971) Sugarman v. Dougall (1973) In re Griffiths (1973) Examining Board v. Flores de Otero (1976) Nyquist v. Mauclet (1977) Foley v. Connelie (1978) Ambach v. Norwick (1979) Cabell v. Chavez-Salido (1982) Plyler v. Doe (1982) Bernal v. Fainter (1984)
Residency	Shapiro v. Thompson (1969) Arlington County Board v. Richards (1977) Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward (1985)
Other	United States v. Cruikshank (1876) Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co. (1886) Quaker City Cab Co. v. Commonwealth (1928) Breedlove v. Suttles (1937) Skinner v. Oklahoma (1942) Oyama v. California (1948) Oyler v. Boles (1962) Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966) Rinaldi v. Yeager (1966) Levy v. Louisiana (1968) Williams v. Rhodes (1968) Oregon v. Mitchell (1970) Boddie v. Connecticut (1971) Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972) Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co. (1973) San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973) Richardson v. Ramirez (1974) Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas (1974) Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia (1976) Trimble v. Gordon (1977) Zablocki v. Redhail (1978) New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer (1979) Mills v. Habluetzel (1982) City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. (1985) Clark v. Jeter (1988) Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools (1988) Gregory v. Ashcroft (1991) Vacco v. Quill (1997) Bush v. Gore (2000) Armour v. Indianapolis (2012)

Enforcement Clause

Civil Rights Cases (1883)
Katzenbach v. Morgan (1966)
Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer (1976)
Dellmuth v. Muth (1989)
City of Boerne v. Flores (1997)
Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank (1999)
Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents (2000)
United States v. Morrison (2000)
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett (2001)
Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs (2003)
Tennessee v. Lane (2004)
United States v. Georgia (2006)
Shelby County v. Holder (2013)

Other
Gold Clause Cases (1935) Trump v. Anderson (2024)

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