Al-Ashraf Khalil

Khalil

Al-Malik al-Ashraf

Sultan Mesir dan Suriah

Berkuasa

12 November 1290 – 14 Desember 1293

Pendahulu

Al-Mansur Qalawun

Penerus

An-Nasir Muhammad

Informasi pribadi

Kelahiran

s. 1260an
Kairo, Kesultanan Mamluk

Kematian

14 Desember 1293 (usia awal 30an tahun atau lebih muda)
Turuja, Buhayra

Wangsa

Qalawuni

Nama lengkap
Al-Malik al-Ashraf Salah ad-Din Khalil ibn Qalawun

Ayah

Al-Mansur Qalawun

Ibu

Qutqutiya

Permaisuri

Ardukin

Anak

Dua putri

Agama

Islam

Al-Ashraf Salāh ad-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn (Arab: الملك الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل بن قلاوون; s. 1260an – 14 Desember 1293) adalah sultan Mamluk kedelapan antara November 1290 sampai pembunuhannya pada Desember 1293. Ia dikenal karena menaklukan negara-negara Salibis terakhir di Palestina usai pengepungan Acre pada 1291.

Catatan

Daftar pustaka

Asili, B. (1992). Al-Zahir Baibars and the End of the Old Crusades. Beirut: Dar Alnafaes.
Holt, Peter Malcolm (1986). The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 151. Addison Wesley Longman Limited. ISBN 9781317871521.
Ludolphi, Rectoris Ecclesiæ Parochialis in suchem, de itinere Terræ Sanctæ,University of Michigan 1851
Mahdi, Shafik (2008). Mamalik Misr wa Alsham (Mamluks of Egypt and the Levant) (dalam bahasa Arabic). Beirut: Aldar Alarabiya. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
Mannheim, Ivan (2001). Syria & Lebanon Handbook. Footprint Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-900949-90-3. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2008.
Mazor, Amir (2015). The Rise and Fall of a Muslim Regiment: The Mansuriyya in the First Mamluk Sultanate, 678/1279–741/1341. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Unipress and Bonn University Press. ISBN 9783847004240.
Northrup, Linda (1998). From Slave to Sultan: The Career of Al-Manṣūr Qalāwūn and the Consolidation of Mamluk Rule in Egypt and Syria (678-689 A.H./1279-1290 A.D.). Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 9783515068611.
Runciman, Steven (1987). A History of the Crusades, Volume 3. Penguin Books.
Stewart, Angus Donal (2001). The Armenian Kingdom and the Mamluks: War and Diplomacy During the Reigns of Hetʻum II (1289-1307). Brill. ISBN 9789004122925.
Clifford, Winslow William (2013). Conermann, Stephan, ed. State Formation and the Structure of Politics in Mamluk Syro-Egypt, 648-741 A.H./1250-1340 C.E. Bonn University Press. ISBN 9783847100911.

Sumber primer

Abu al-Fida, The Concise History of Humanity.(The historian Abu al-Fida took part in the sieges of Tripoli and Acre.)
Al-Maqrizi, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997.
Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.
Al-Maqrizi, al-Mawaiz wa al-'i'tibar bi dhikr al-khitat wa al-'athar,Matabat aladab, Cairo 1996, ISBN 977-241-175-X
Idem in French: Bouriant, Urbain, Description topographique et historique de l'Egypte,Paris 1895
Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, Dar al-Kotob, Beirut 1992
History of Egypt, 1382–1469 A.D. by Yusef. William Popper, translator Abu L-Mahasin ibn Taghri Birdi, University of California Press 1954
Ludolph of Suchem, Description of the Holy Land and of the Way Thither, trans. Aubrey Stewart London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, 1895. Reprinted in James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History, Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press 1962
The Templar of Tyre, Chronicle (Getes des Chiprois), Published by Crawford, P., Ashgate Publishing. Ltd, Cyprus 2003. ISBN 1-84014-618-4