金 (Au) は1種の安定同位体(197Au)と、35種の放射性同位体を持つ。 最も安定な放射性同位体は半減期が186日の195Auである。
金は核兵器の加塩材料として提案されている(コバルトが有名)。自然金の被覆は熱核兵器由来の強烈な高エネルギー中性子束による照射を受けると、約0.411 MeVのガンマ放射を生ずる半減期が2.697日の放射性同位体198Auに変化するため、数日に渡って核兵器の放射性降下物の放射能を増加させる。しかし、このような兵器が作られたりテストされたり、また使われたりしたことは知られていない[1]。
標準原子量: 196.966569(4) u
一覧
同位体核種 | Z(p) | N(n) | 同位体質量 (u) | 半減期 | 核スピン数 | 天然存在比 | 天然存在比 (範囲) |
励起エネルギー |
169Au | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 150# µs | 1/2+# | | |
170Au | 79 | 91 | 169.99612(22)# | 310(50) µs [286(+50-40) µs] | (2-) | | |
170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) µs [0.62(+6-5) ms] | (9+) | | |
171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991879(28) | 17 µs | (1/2+) | | |
171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1.014(19) ms | 11/2- | | |
172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99004(17)# | 6.3 ms | high | | |
173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986237(28) | 20 ms | (1/2+) | | |
173mAu | 214(23) keV | 12 ms | (11/2-) | | |
174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98476(11)# | 120 ms | low | | |
174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | | |
175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98127(5) | 185 ms | 1/2+# | | |
175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | 11/2-# | | |
176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98010(11)# | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17-14) s] | (5-) | | |
176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | | |
177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976865(14) | 1.462(32) s | (1/2+,3/2+) | | |
177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2- | | |
178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.97603(6) | 2.6(5) s | | | |
179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973213(18) | 3.3 s | 5/2-# | | |
179mAu | 99(16) keV | | (11/2-) | | |
180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972521(23) | 8.1(3) s | | | |
181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | (3/2-) | | |
182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969618(22) | 15.5(5) s | (2+) | | |
183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967593(11) | 42.8(10) s | (5/2)- | | |
183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 µs | (1/2)+ | | |
183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 µs | (11/2)- | | |
184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | 5+ | | |
184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | 2+ | | |
185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.965789(28) | 4.25(6) min | 5/2- | | |
185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | | |
186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | 3- | | |
186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | | |
187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964568(27) | 8.4(3) min | 1/2+ | | |
187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | 9/2- | | |
188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.965324(22) | 8.84(6) min | 1(-) | | |
189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | 1/2+ | | |
189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | 11/2- | | |
189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2- | | |
189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | | |
190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964700(17) | 42.8(10) min | 1- | | |
190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | 11-# | | |
191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.96370(4) | 3.18(8) h | 3/2+ | | |
191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | (11/2-) | | |
191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | | | |
192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964813(17) | 4.94(9) h | 1- | | |
192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | (5#)+ | | |
192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11-) | | |
193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964150(11) | 17.65(15) h | 3/2+ | | |
193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | 11/2- | | |
193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | | |
194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.965365(11) | 38.02(10) h | 1- | | |
194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | (5+) | | |
194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11-) | | |
195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650346(14) | 186.098(47) d | 3/2+ | | |
195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | 11/2- | | |
196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966570(3) | 6.1669(6) d | 2- | | |
196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | 5+ | | |
196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12- | | |
197Au | 79 | 118 | 196.9665687(6) | STABLE | 3/2+ | 1.0000 | |
197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | 11/2- | | |
198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682423(6) | 2.69517(21) d | 2- | | |
198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | | |
198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | (12-) | | |
199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687652(6) | 3.139(7) d | 3/2+ | | |
199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) µs | (11/2)- | | |
200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.97073(5) | 48.4(3) min | 1(-) | | |
200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | 12- | | |
201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971657(3) | 26(1) min | 3/2+ | | |
202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.97381(18) | 28.8(19) s | (1-) | | |
203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975155(3) | 53(2) s | 3/2+ | | |
204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97772(22)# | 39.8(9) s | (2-) | | |
205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.97987(32)# | 31(2) s | 3/2+ | | |
脚注
- ^ Win, David Tin; Masum, Md. Al (2003). Weapons of Mass Destruction. 6. pp. 199–219. http://www.journal.au.edu/au_techno/2003/apr2003/aujt6-4_article07.pdf.
参考文献
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
- It's Elemental - Isotope of the Element Gold [1]