Chơi (hoạt động)

Chơi một loạt các hoạt động tự do, có động cơ thúc đẩy để thư giãn, giải trí và tìm niềm vui.^[1] Chơi hay vui chơi là hoạt động thường thấy ở trẻ em nói riêng và người lớn ở tất cả mọi độ tuổi nói chung. Ở động vật, vui chơi thường thấy ở động vật có vú.^[2][3]

Hình ảnh

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  Nghịch cát
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  Các loại đồ chơi
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  Chó chơi bên bờ biển

Tham khảo

Đọc thêm

• Caillois, R. (2001). Man, play, and games. Urbana and Chicago, University of Illinois Press (originally published in 1958; translated from the French by Meyer Barash).
• Encyclopedia: Play Science Scholarpedia
• Huizinga, J. (1955). Homo ludens; a study of the play-element in culture. Boston: Beacon Press.
• Jenkinson, Sally (2001). The Genius of Play. Hawthorn Press
• Sutton-Smith, B. (1997). The ambiguity of play. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Burghardt, Gordon M. The Genesis of Animal Play: Testing the Limits [1] Lưu trữ 2006-09-07 tại Wayback Machine
• Wenner, M. (2009). "The Serious Need for Play" – Free, imaginative play is crucial for normal social, emotional and cognitive development. It makes us better adjusted, smarter and less stressed, Scientific American.
• Nachmanovitch, Stephen (1972). “Ends, means, and galumphing: some leitmotifs of play”. American Anthropologist. 75: 1.
• Nachmanovitch, Stephen (as Stephen Miller) (1974). "Play and the nature or pretense" Rice University Studies (July 1974).
• Gray, P. (2009). “Play as a Foundation for Hunter-Gatherer Social Existence” (PDF). American Journal of Play. 1 (4): 476–522. ISSN 1938-0399. ERIC #EJ1069037.
• Gray, P. (2013). Free to Learn: Why Unleashing the Instinct to Play Will Make Our Children Happier, More Self-Reliant, and Better Students for Life
• Gray, P. (2008–2009). "Social Play and the Genesis of Democracy" Lưu trữ 2009-05-22 tại Wayback Machine, "The Value of Play I: The Definition of Play Provides Clues to Its Purposes" Lưu trữ 2009-05-25 tại Wayback Machine, "The Value of Play II: How Play Promotes Reasoning in Children and Adults" Lưu trữ 2009-05-18 tại Wayback Machine, "The Value of Play III: Children Use Play to Confront, not Avoid, Life's Challenges and Even Life's Horrors" Lưu trữ 2009-05-25 tại Wayback Machine, "The Value of Play IV: Play is Nature's Way of Teaching Us New Skills" Lưu trữ 2009-04-29 tại Wayback Machine, "How to Ruin Children's Play: Supervise, Praise, Intervene" Lưu trữ 2009-04-27 tại Wayback Machine, Psychology Today.
• Howard Taras, (2009). Journal of School Health. Physical Activity and School Performance. 75 (6), pp. 214–218
• Kortmulder, Koenraad (1998). Play and Evolution: Second Thoughts on the Behaviour of Animals, ISBN 978-9057270130
• Piaget, J. (1962). Play, dreams and imitation (Vol. 24). New York: Norton
• Bateson, Gregory. (1955). A theory of play and fantasy. Psychiatric research reports,2(39), 39-51. Reprinted in Steps to an Ecology of Mind, 1972. Chandler, and 2000, University of Chicago Press.
• Stebbins, Robert A. (2015). The Interrelationship of Leisure and Play: Play as Leisure, Leisure as Play. Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Wästerfors, David (2016). “Playfights as Trouble and Respite”. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography. 45 (2): 168–197.

Liên kết ngoài

• The National Institute for Play
• The Play Foundation
• IPA World Home (International Play Association: Promoting the Child's Right to Play)
• Creative Play
• Brown, Stuart (2008) Why play is vital – no matter your age Lưu trữ 2009-03-15 tại Wayback Machine, TEDtalks, TED.com